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The sustainability of European economic and monetary union (EMU) remains an important issue in light of existing plans for enlargement. This paper conducts an endogeneity analysis of output synchronization, based on panel data estimation from 1994-2013, for different country-groups, including core, periphery, central and eastern European countries, northern European and the prospective candidate countries, which are expected to adopt the euro over the coming years. The quantification of trade-related and direct spillover channels associated with monetary integration provides insight into the relative importance of direct and indirect synchronization gains arising from EMU membership. The use of amplitude and concordance measures of synchronization and a range of estimators enhances robustness. There are important endogeneity implications which emerge from our analysis.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jcms.1230